A previously used device can get past a sign-in lock; the usual checks are still required
Someone who knew your account ID could keep you out by trying wrong passwords. A device you have used before can now get past that lock, but your password and, if enabled, your second factor are still required. In exchange, the lock no longer limits attempts made from that device. You can remove this access by changing or resetting your password, recovering your account, signing out every device, or changing your passkeys or second factor.